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Pierre Van Cortlandt (January 10, 1721 – May 1, 1814)〔(''Van Cortlandt, Pierre (1721-1814)'' ) at The Political Graveyard〕 was the first Lieutenant Governor of the State of New York. He was born in New York City, the son of Philip Van Cortlandt (1683–1746) (a son of New York Mayor Stephanus Van Cortlandt and Gertruj Schuyler), and Catherine De Peyster (a granddaughter of Johannes De Peyster— an ancestor of Abraham De Peyster and Arent Schuyler DePeyster). His great uncle Jacobus Van Cortlandt was mayor of New York City. ==Van Cortlandt Manor== By Royal Charter, Van Cortlandt Manor was originally a tract granted as a Patent to Stephanus Van Cortlandt, grandfather of Pierre Van Cortlandt, in 1697 by King William III, stretching from the Hudson River on the west to the first boundary line between the Province of New York and the Colony of Connecticut, on the east, twenty English miles in length by ten in width, in shape nearly a rectangular parallelogram, forming, “The Manor of Cortlandt.” The massive holding was acquired by direct purchase from the Indians, in part, by Stephanus van Cortlandt, a native born Dutch gentleman of New York, and in part by others whose titles he subsequently bought, this tract, together with a small tract on the west side of the Hudson River opposite the promontory of Anthony’s Nose, which he also purchased from the Indians. The Van Cortlandt Manor House was built sometime before 1732 but was not any owner's principal residence until Pierre moved there in 1749. In 1748 Pierre inherited from his father the Van Cortlandt Manor House and significant surrounding lands. He diversified and organized the Croton lands to develop income-producing tenant farms. Pierre maintained the Van Cortlandt Manor House and lands as a farmer/planter. Subsequently he inherited from Gertruyd Beekman, his aunt, the large tract of land known as Front Lot No. 10 at Anthony's Nose, which she had inherited from Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and two tracts of land in Peekskill being about 340 acres. In 1749, Pierre turned the family's simple hunting lodge into an elegant residence known as Van Cortlandt Manor House, adding the upper stories and porches. The house remained in the Van Cortlandt family until 1945 and was purchased in 1953 by John D. Rockefeller Jr. to assure its preservation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hudsonrivervalley.com/Details.aspx?sid=c46f8358-5f8f-447d-b5aa-c76605245023 )〕 The restored manor house was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1961. During the American Revolutionary War Pierre entertained Washington, Franklin, Lafayette, Rochambeau, von Steuben and other generals at the Manor House; when the place was threatened by the British Army in New York, he removed his wife and children to one of the Livingston farms at Rhinebeck, and for a time the Upper Manor House at Peekskill.〔 During most of the period from about 1777 the family of Pierre Van Cortlandt were absent from their home at Croton. Pierre first moved his family out of the Croton Manor House in 1776, to the Upper Manor House in Peekskill. But, by 1777 the Upper Manor House, too, had become an unsafe home for the family of one the state’s greatest patriot officials. Prowling bands of Tories had gathered and were “very busy riding about and combining to provide arms, and the Tories from the eastward were coming continually down, to the number of two or three hundred, who all assembled at N. Merritt’s and A. Crouk’s with fife and drum.” They were dispersed by the minute-men and “parts of Colonel Thomas’ regiment, and the troops of horse of Captain N. Trendwell, were ordered to scour Rye Neck. I hear the intent of the Tories was, at Peekskill, to have taken the committee (of Safety ) and sent them on board of the ‘Asia’. I go to-morrow to New York to the Congress — Thursday night were here to supper and breakfast of Colonel Hammond’s Regiment, about three hundred men. They said they drank two Hogsheads of cider.” A ferry was the only means of traversing the Croton until Van Cortlandt built a bridge. In 1781, Washington paused and wrote: "The new bridge on the Croton, about nine miles from Peekskill," mentioned by Washington in his diary of July 2, 1781, superseded the ferry, and the brick-and-timber Manor Ferry-house was the temporary barracks for soldiers on their passage up and down the river. In 1756 Van Cortlandt built a home near Peekskill, Westchester County, New York called the Upper Manor House, and occupied it at various times until he died. During the Revolution, Pierre and his family was obliged to leave the Manor House at Croton, and spent most of the time at their Rhinebeck home and at the Upper Manor Home at Peekskill. Pierre moved upstate and Gerald Beekman and his wife Cornelia Van Cortlandt (Pierre’s daughter) occupied the house. This house was always open to his friends, as both he and his wife were famed for their hospitality. The Upper Manor House is a gambrel roofed, brick house, built by Pierre Van Cortlandt. General George Washington with his aides slept in this house many nights while making Peekskill their headquarters in 1776, 1777 and 1778. While residing there, Cornelia (Van Cortlandt) Beekman refused to give a representative of the British spy John André an American officer’s uniform she had in safe-keeping.〔Wikisource:The Women of the American Revolution/Cornelia Beekman〕 The Upper Manor House is now part of the adjoining Cortlandt Healthcare nursing care center and may be seen by appointment. The Upper Manor House is located near Hillside Cemetery, Cortlandt Manor, Westchester County, New York where Pierre and his wife, Joanna Livingston Van Cortlandt, are buried. Cornelia Van Cortlandt, Pierre’s oldest daughter and wife of Gerard G. Beekman, had left New York for the Manor House at Croton, but this was too near the neutral ground to be a safe refuge for her father, and it behooved that ardent patriot to keep out of reach of his enemies, many of whom were his own tenantry, now ranged against their country. Pierre and his family left the Upper Manor House at Peekskill in 1777 for a farm in Rhinebeck he leased from kinsman Henry Brockholst Livingston, son of William Livingston. A curious old journal tells of their exodus, and the catalogue of the flocks and herds, man-servants and maid-servants that were sent to Rhinebeck, reads like a biblical story of the journeyings of the Patriarchs.〔 Upon his marriage to Gertrude Van Cortlandt, an aunt of Pierre's, in 1726, Col. Henry Beekman, Jr. became the owner, through an exchange of property, of the Kip House (Heermance), near the river in Rhinebeck, and moved into it. He greatly enlarged it, and became his mansion when he became a resident there. It is this house that Pierre Van Cortlandt leased between 1777-1780 after his family had evacuated from Croton and then Peekskill. Following the death of Col. Henry Beekman on January 3, 1776, his daughter Margaret, by his first wife Janet Livingston, inherited this property, and it became known as the Livingston Mansion. A family dispute arose in 1780 causing Pierre and his family to relocate at a farm in the Nine Partners Patent. Pierre's son Philip, in his Memoir, relates that in “the Spring of 1780 . . . having passed thro the Manor of Cortlandt Saw My friends at Peeks Kill and then to Nine Partners where my Father and his family were obliged to remove from Rhinebeck as Colo. Livingston would not suffer him to remain any longer”.〔 Not only did George Washington sleep at the Van Cortlandt Upper Manor House, he stayed for extended periods commanding the battles of Long Island, New Amsterdam, and Westchester County. He also stayed there during his numerous visits to West Point.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cortlandthealthcare.com/the-manor-house/ )〕 Washington, when in Peekskill, had his official headquarters in the village, but would spend evenings in the house which he used as a sort of “safe social” headquarters, doing his dining and entertaining in the house. While staying at the house he slept in the northwest bedroom on the second floor. The list of the famous who either stayed or were entertained in the house is long. Benjamin Franklin stopped here on his way back from the mission to win Canada to the side of the colonies in 1776; the Methodist Bishop Francis Asbury stopped here; Lafayette, von Steuben; General Alexander MacDougall; General Israel Putnam; General Philip Schuyler; Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr all visited the house. It was here that Washington entertained the Count de Rochambeau and his French officers. The house was also used as headquarters by General William Heath. In spring, 1783 Lt. Gov. Van Cortlandt returned with his family to the Upper Manor House at Peekskill to reside while the Manor House at Croton was restored to habitability. By 1803 Lt. Gov. Van Cortlandt and his wife returned to Croton. Pierre and Joanna resided there for the balance of their lives, 1814 and 1808, respectively. Pierre Van Cortlandt always retained a most devoted attachment to George Washington, and was constantly a guest at the dinners given by his Excellency, when the latter was in New York. In 1760 Van Cortlandt built another home, (Oldstone ) (28 Bear Mountain Bridge Road, Cortlandt Manor, NY 10567), a magnificent estate on a bluff upon Anthony's Nose overlooking the far-reaching river and Peekskill Bay. The 29-acre property overlooks a bend in the Hudson and an eagle sanctuary. Because of its strategic location on the eastern banks of the old Hudson River, Oldstone was commissioned by the United States Military and used as a military outpost during The Revolutionary War.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.monteverdeatoldstone.com/history.asp )〕 During the 1700s, the Boutonville area of Pound Ridge found itself at the center of a 50-year land dispute concerning overlapping grants to the Stephanus Van Cortlandt Manor grant and to the Stamford patentees. After a lengthy legal battle, clear title to the 3,000 acres was finally given to Van Cortlandt heirs in 1788. Most of this land is now part of the Ward Pound Ridge Reservation. Sometime after that, Pierre Van Cortlandt built a home there as well. In 1815, Samuel Piatt (Peatt) (1773-1850) purchased seven acres and an existing house from Pierre's son, Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt. This home, since demolished, was on what now is Honey Hollow Road. The farmland in the Pound Ridge and Lewisboro sections (Ward Pound Ridge Reservation) were part of the Van Cortlandt Manor lands that were divided into “great lots” of about 3,000 acres each. These lots were further divided into 300-acre farms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pierre Van Cortlandt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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